Base64 Encoder

A Base64 encoder is a tool or algorithm that converts data, typically binary or plain text, into a ASCII-based encoding known as Base64. The term 'Base64' reflects the fact that 64 different characters are used in the encoding process. The purpose of Base64 encoding is to represent binary data in a text-based format, making it suitable for use in contexts that expect only printable characters, such as in email attachments or within URLs.

The encoding process involves breaking the input data into chunks of 3 bytes, each consisting of 8 bits, and then converting these 24 bits into four 6-bit groups. Each 6-bit group is then represented by a character in the Base64 character set. The Base64 character set includes 26 uppercase letters, 26 lowercase letters, 10 digits, and two additional characters, usually '+' and '/'. The '=' character is also used as padding at the end of the encoded data if the input length is not a multiple of 3.

Base64 encoding is commonly used in various applications, including email attachments, image data within HTML, and data storage in formats like JSON. It provides a compact representation of binary data that is both human-readable and safe for transmission across different systems.